Liver Cancer Surgery: Resection Techniques

Liver cancer, a life-threatening disease that typically develops from healthy liver cells, can be treated in its early stages. However, in advanced stages, a large part of the liver may be affected by cancer. For this reason, surgical treatment holds a critical place in liver cancer management. Especially when the tumor is confined to specific areas of the liver, surgically removing the tumor presents a significant treatment option.

The Role of Resection Techniques in Liver Cancer Surgery

Resection is the surgical removal of the cancerous area from the liver. This procedure involves removing the cancerous cells along with the surrounding healthy tissue and aims to preserve the functions of the remaining part of the liver. The success of the surgery varies based on the tumor's size, location, and the presence of healthy areas in the liver.

The resection techniques used in liver cancer treatment differ based on the patient's condition and the tumor's location. Resection is usually performed by removing a portion of the liver. In this article, we will discuss the basic resection techniques used in liver cancer surgery, the treatment processes, and the challenges of the surgery.

Types of Resections

Liver cancer surgery can be based on different resection techniques. These techniques are chosen according to the tumor's location and the patient's liver function. Here are the main types of resections frequently used in liver cancer treatment:

1. Wedge Resection

Wedge resection is the surgical removal of a small piece of the liver close to the cancerous area. This procedure is generally preferred when the tumor is small and has only spread to a limited area of the liver. Wedge resection ensures the removal of the cancerous tissue while preserving as much of the patient's liver function as possible.

After a wedge resection, the patient's recovery process is usually faster, and the risk of complications is lower. However, it is of great importance that the tumor is in an early stage and that the surgery is performed correctly. Small tumors can be successfully treated with this method.

2. Segmental Resection

Segmental resection is the removal of a specific segment of the liver. This technique is used in cases where the tumor is larger and has spread to more than one area of the liver. Considering the segmental structure of the liver, the tumorous area and the surrounding healthy tissue are removed.

This technique is necessary for larger tumors and generally covers a wider surgical area. The recovery process after a segmental resection can be longer compared to a wedge resection, but this method ensures the successful removal of tumors.

3. Total Hepatectomy (Complete Removal of the Liver)

Total hepatectomy is the procedure of removing the entire liver. This surgical intervention is preferred in cases where cancer has affected a large part of the liver. Total hepatectomy is typically performed in conjunction with a liver transplant. This procedure can be an option for patients who have lost liver function. After a total hepatectomy, a liver transplant may be needed to maintain the patient's quality of life.

This surgical treatment is suitable for situations where a large part of the liver has lost its function and the tumor is widespread. However, this procedure brings with it a challenging surgical and recovery process.

Challenges and Risks of Liver Cancer Surgery

Liver cancer surgery comes with many risks. Especially in major surgeries, complications such as bleeding, infection, bile duct damage, and liver failure can occur. In addition, losing important liver functions also poses a significant risk.

After surgery, patients need special treatment methods and regular monitoring to help their liver functions recover. Complications that can affect liver function can make the treatment process more difficult. The recovery period after surgery varies depending on the patient's general health, age, and the extent of the surgery.

Success Rate of Liver Cancer Surgery

The success of liver cancer surgery depends on the stage of the tumor, the patient's general health, and the correct performance of the surgery. Surgical treatment performed in the early stages generally yields successful results. However, if the cancer is in advanced stages, surgical treatment alone may not be sufficient. In such cases, supplementary treatment methods like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used.

Post-Surgical Monitoring and Rehabilitation

The post-surgical monitoring process is one of the most important stages of the treatment process. Regular check-ups with a doctor after the surgical intervention can help prevent the cancer from recurring. Furthermore, the post-surgical rehabilitation process is also important. Methods like nutritional adjustment, physical therapy, and medication can be used to help patients' liver functions return to normal.

Conclusion

Liver cancer surgery can be an effective treatment option in the early stages. The tumor's location and its spread are decisive factors in how the surgery will be performed. Techniques such as wedge resection and segmental resection can be applied for small and medium-sized tumors, while total hepatectomy may be preferred for large tumors and advanced-stage patients. However, as with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of complications in liver cancer surgery. Therefore, a regular monitoring and rehabilitation process after surgery is of great importance.

In addition to surgery, supplementary treatment methods and early diagnosis can also increase patients' chances of survival in liver cancer treatment. Surgical interventions performed in the early stages can lead to promising results for patients to live a healthy life.