What You Need to Know Before Undergoing Cancer Surgery: Key Factors

Cancer surgery is one of the most important treatment methods used to improve a patient's quality of life and prevent cancer from spreading. However, there are many critical factors to know before such an operation. In this article, we'll cover the fundamental topics to consider before cancer surgery, information that will simplify the decision-making process, and tips to help you better understand this journey.

What Is Cancer Surgery?

Cancer surgery is the process of surgically removing cancerous tissues or tumors from the body. This procedure is typically applied in the following situations:

1. Tumor Removal: The complete elimination of cancerous tissue.

2. Biopsy: Taking a tissue sample to determine the type and spread of the cancer.

3. Palliative Surgery: Removing tissue that causes pain or other symptoms to improve the patient's quality of life.

The surgical methods can differ for each cancer type and stage. A comprehensive evaluation process is required before surgery.

Key Factors to Know Before Cancer Surgery

1. Correct Diagnosis and Determining the Cancer Type

A correct diagnosis is critical for the success of cancer surgery. The type, stage, location, and biological characteristics of the cancer play a decisive role in planning the surgical treatment. To do this, your doctor will perform:

• Biopsy and Imaging Tests: Methods like MRI, CT, and PET-CT are used to determine the size and location of the tumor.

• Blood Tests: Information about the biological structure of the tumor is obtained through cancer markers (e.g., PSA, CA-125).

2. Evaluating Surgical Methods and Alternatives

There is more than one technique in cancer surgery. Your surgeon will recommend the most suitable method for you by considering the tumor's location, size, and your general health condition. Options include:

• Open Surgery: This method, which involves larger incisions, is generally preferred for complex tumors.

• Minimally Invasive Surgery: Procedures performed through smaller incisions using robotic or laparoscopic techniques.

• Palliative Surgery: Applied to alleviate symptoms even if it does not completely eliminate the cancer.

3. General Health and Pre-operative Preparation

It's important to evaluate your general health condition before the operation. During this process, the following steps may be taken:

• Medical History: Your current health status, chronic illnesses, and medications you use are reviewed.

• Physical Examination: A series of tests are conducted to minimize the risks that might arise from the surgery.

• Lifestyle Adjustments: You may be advised to quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and start a balanced diet.

4. Psychological Preparation and Support

Cancer surgery is an emotionally challenging process as much as it is physically. Psychological preparation can help you adapt to the treatment process. During this time:

• Psychological Counseling: You can seek support from a specialist.

• The Role of Family and Social Circle: The support of your loved ones can help keep your morale high.

• Support Groups: You can learn more about the process by connecting with people who have similar experiences.

Risks and Complications in Cancer Surgery

As with any surgical procedure, cancer surgery has certain risks and potential complications. Understanding these risks helps you approach the process more consciously. The most common complications are:

• Bleeding and Infection: These can occur during or after the operation.

• Anesthesia Risks: A situation that requires attention, especially in individuals with chronic illnesses.

• Loss of Organ Function: In some cases, the removed organs or tissues can lead to a loss of function.

Your surgeon will take the necessary precautions and inform you to minimize these risks.

The Post-operative Process After Cancer Surgery

The post-operative process is a critical stage that determines the success of the surgery and the recovery time. During this period, attention should be paid to the following elements:

1. Post-operative Care: The duration of your hospital stay can vary depending on the type and scope of the surgery. After being discharged, you should follow these instructions:

   • Regular Check-ups: You will need to see your surgeon regularly after the operation.

   • Wound Care: Wound care instructions should be followed to prevent the risk of infection.

   • Physical Activity: You should avoid strenuous physical activities for the first few weeks.

2. Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy: Depending on the type and stage of the cancer, additional treatments may be needed after surgery. These treatments can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.

3. Psychological and Physical Recovery: Psychological support is as important as physical recovery during the post-operative period. Meditation, exercise, and psychological counseling can be beneficial during this time.

The Importance of Choosing a Surgeon

Choosing the right surgeon for a complex procedure like cancer surgery is vital. It's recommended that you inquire about your surgeon's experience, specialization, and previous operations they have performed. Getting a second opinion can also help you in the decision-making process.

Misconceptions About Cancer Surgery

There are many misconceptions about cancer surgery in society. Correcting these beliefs will help you better understand the process:

• Misconception: "Surgery causes cancer to spread."

• Reality: Modern techniques minimize this risk.

• Misconception: "Surgery always completely cures cancer."

• Reality: Surgery is often combined with other treatments.

• Misconception: "Robotic surgery is suitable for every patient."

• Reality: Robotic surgery may not be appropriate for every situation; the decision depends on the tumor's characteristics.

Technological Innovations and the Future of Cancer Surgery

Technology is advancing rapidly in cancer surgery. These innovations are increasing the success of the surgery and improving patients' quality of life. Prominent technologies include:

• Robotic Surgery: Offers more precise and effective results with a minimally invasive approach.

• Laser Technology: Is being used as a less traumatic option.

• Artificial Intelligence and Imaging: Allows for more accurate identification of tumors.

Conclusion

Cancer surgery can be performed more effectively and successfully with proper information and preparation. Understanding the cancer type, evaluating surgical options, and working with the right healthcare team are the most important elements of this process. Additionally, post-operative care and support are a critical part of the recovery journey. Being well-informed throughout the cancer surgery process will help you have a better experience, both physically and emotionally.